What type of filter is used in HVAC?

Several types of filters are used in HVAC systems, each with varying degrees of efficiency and capturing capabilities. Here’s a breakdown of the common types:

Fiberglass Filters:
- - These are the most basic and affordable option, typically disposable.
  - They trap larger particles like dust and debris but are less effective for smaller allergens.
  - Ideal for low-pollution environments or as pre-filters to extend the life of higher-efficiency filters.
- A popular choice, offering a good balance between efficiency and affordability.
- The pleated design increases surface area for capturing dust, mold spores, and pet dander.
- Ranked by MERV (Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value), with higher numbers indicating greater efficiency.
HEPA (High-Efficiency Particulate Air) Filters:
- The most efficient at capturing airborne particles, trapping at least 99.97% down to 0.3 microns.
- Ideal for hospitals, cleanrooms, or environments with severe allergies.
- HEPA filters can restrict airflow and may require adjustments to your HVAC system.
Carbon Filters:
- Primarily used to remove odors and gaseous contaminants, often alongside other filters.
- They contain activated carbon, a material with a large surface area that adsorbs these gaseous pollutants.
- Common in applications like removing smoke or paint fumes.
Electrostatic Filters:
- Use an electrical charge to attract and trap particles from the air.
- While effective, they require regular cleaning of the collection plates and may not be suitable for all environments due to potential ozone generation.